TL;DR: While dark postpartum discharge is normal for the first 48 hours, foul-smelling fluid or signs of illness like lethargy and fever require immediate veterinary attention to treat potentially life-threatening infections.
What is normal postpartum discharge in cats?
After a cat gives birth, it is normal for her to experience some vaginal discharge, known as lochia. This substance consists of remaining placental tissue and blood. While lochia is typically dark green or reddish-black during the first 24 to 48 hours, it should gradually decrease in volume and change in color. If the discharge is thick, persistent, or has a strong, unpleasant odor, it may indicate an underlying health issue.
When is postpartum discharge in cats considered a veterinary emergency?
- Urgency Level: High.
- The discharge is foul-smelling or persists beyond the normal healing period.
- The mother cat is lethargic or refuses to eat.
- The cat develops a fever or stops caring for her kittens.
- Possible diagnosis of metritis (a severe uterine infection) or a retained placenta, both of which are life-threatening conditions.
Why should I take a photo of my cat's discharge for the vet?
- Visual evidence allows a professional to assess the color, opacity, and consistency of the fluid.
- Helps determine whether the discharge is physiological (normal) or pathological (infected).
- Assists the vet in determining how quickly your cat needs to be seen.
- Allows the clinic to better prepare for your cat’s arrival and immediate care.
Clinical Context (Merck Veterinary Manual)
In postpartum cats, a dark red to black vaginal discharge (lochia) is normal and heavy for the first few days after parturition. However, metritis, a postpartum uterine infection, should be considered if there are signs of systemic illness or abnormal vaginal discharge. Predisposing factors for metritis include prolonged delivery, dystocia, and retained fetuses or placentas. The primary clinical sign of metritis is purulent vulvar discharge, accompanied by depression, fever, lethargy, and inappetence; affected queens may neglect their offspring. A large, flaccid uterus may be palpable. Radiographs should be performed to determine if fetuses or placentas are retained.
Chapter: Reproductive
Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th Edition (Page 1397)