TL;DR: Brown crust around a cat's eyes is typically normal dried tear film, but you should seek veterinary care if you notice redness, squinting, or yellow/green discharge. Monitoring the area and taking a clear photo can help your vet determine if an appointment is necessary.
What is the brown crusty build-up around my cat's eyes?
In most cases, a small amount of dark brown or reddish-brown crust around the corners of a cat's eyes is normal. This substance is often dried tear film containing porphyrins, which are natural pigments that oxidize and turn brown when exposed to air. However, if the build-up is excessive, it could indicate an overproduction of tears, known as epiphora, or a mild irritation.
Is my cat's brown eye discharge an emergency?
The urgency level for simple brown crusting is generally low if your cat is acting normally. To manage this at home and determine if care is needed, follow these steps:
- Monitor the area and clean it gently with a soft, damp cloth.
- Ensure your cat is eating well, has clear eyes without redness, and is not squinting.
- Schedule a non-emergency appointment with your veterinarian if you notice yellow or green discharge, swelling, or if the cat is pawing at their eye.
How does taking a photo of my cat's eyes help with veterinary triage?
Taking a clear, well-lit photo of your cat's eyes is incredibly helpful for veterinary triage. A photo allows a professional to see the exact color and consistency of the discharge and check for underlying inflammation or structural issues like eyelid abnormalities. This visual information helps determine if your cat needs an immediate visit or if the issue can be managed with routine cleaning at home.
Clinical Context (Merck Veterinary Manual)
In cats, brown crusty build-up around the eyes, or blepharitis, can result from an extension of generalized dermatitis, conjunctivitis, local glandular infections, or irritants. Causative agents may include dermatophytes, Demodex cati or D. gatoi, and bacteria such as staphylococci. Immune-mediated diseases such as pemphigus can also manifest at the mucocutaneous junction of the skin and conjunctiva. Diagnosis may require skin scrapings, cultures, and biopsies. Generalized blepharitis often necessitates systemic therapy in conjunction with topical treatment, as well as supportive care such as hot packing and frequent cleansing.
Chapter: Ophthalmology, Infectious Disease, Dermatology, Immunology
Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th Edition (Page 505)