TL;DR: Rectal prolapse is a high-priority veterinary emergency where the internal rectal lining protrudes from the anus and requires immediate professional care. Do not attempt to push the tissue back in yourself; instead, keep the area moist and contact an emergency veterinarian immediately to prevent tissue death.
What is rectal prolapse in cats and how can I identify it?
Rectal prolapse occurs when the internal lining of the rectum protrudes through the anal opening, appearing as a pink or red, tube-like mass. In kittens, this is often caused by severe straining due to diarrhea, intestinal parasites, or constipation. It is a distressing sight, but understanding the condition is the first step toward helping your pet.
How urgent is a rectal prolapse in my cat?
- Rectal prolapse is considered a high-priority veterinary emergency.
- When tissue remains outside the body, it loses its blood supply, leading to tissue death (necrosis) and potentially life-threatening infections.
- You should contact an emergency veterinarian immediately.
- Do not attempt to push the tissue back in yourself, as this can cause permanent damage or internal tearing.
Why should I take a photo of the prolapse for the triage team?
- A clear photo allows the triage nurse to assess the size, color, and condition of the tissue immediately upon your arrival.
- It helps the vet determine if the tissue is drying out or if there is active bleeding.
- Providing a visual ensures your kitten receives the correct level of priority in a busy emergency room.
What immediate first aid can I provide for my cat?
- Keep your kitten from licking or biting at the exposed area.
- Apply a small amount of water-based lubricant or a cool, damp cloth to the exposed tissue to keep it moist.
- Do not apply any pressure to the tissue while providing care.
Clinical Context (Merck Veterinary Manual)
In cats and kittens with rectal prolapse, prompt treatment is essential and includes identifying and addressing the underlying cause. If the prolapsed tissue is viable, manual reduction under anesthesia is indicated, using warm saline lavage and lubrication with a water-soluble gel. Topical application of hypertonic sugar solution (50% dextrose or 70% mannitol) can relieve edematous mucosa. A loose, anal purse-string suture should be placed for 5-7 days post-reduction. Straining can be minimized with topical anesthetics (e.g., 1% dibucaine ointment) or a narcotic epidural injection. Postoperatively, a moistened diet and fecal softener (e.g., dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) are recommended; diarrhea should be treated if present. If tissue viability is questionable, rectal resection and anastomosis are necessary. If the rectal tissue is viable but irreducible, celiotomy followed by colopexy is indicated to prevent recurrence.
Chapter: Surgery, Gastroenterology
Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th Edition (Page 190)