TL;DR: Birth control pills are generally not toxic to dogs in small amounts, typically only causing mild stomach upset or temporary hormonal changes. You should contact a veterinarian if your dog consumed a large quantity or has pre-existing health conditions.
What happens if my dog accidentally eats birth control pills?
It can be alarming to find your dog has raided your medication, but birth control pills generally contain very low doses of estrogen and progesterone. Because these levels are calibrated for humans and the pills themselves are quite small, most dogs do not experience severe toxic effects from accidental ingestion.
Is my dog eating birth control pills considered a veterinary emergency?
- For most dogs, this is considered a low-urgency situation as the hormones are rarely life-threatening.
- Mild temporary changes may occur, such as slight breast swelling or heat-like behavior in females.
- The most common side effects are minor stomach upset, including vomiting or diarrhea.
- A veterinary consultation is recommended if your dog consumed multiple packs or has pre-existing liver issues.
Why should I take a photo of the birth control packaging for the veterinarian?
- A photo of the packaging is a vital tool for triage when contacting a veterinarian or pet poison helpline.
- Different brands contain varying concentrations of hormones that affect toxicity levels.
- Certain packs include additional components like iron supplements or sugar-pill placebos.
- A clear photo of the ingredient list and blister pack allows professionals to calculate the exact dosage and determine the necessary course of action.
Clinical Context (Merck Veterinary Manual)
If a dog has ingested birth control pills, early decontamination efforts should be initiated. Monitor for and control any central nervous system signs with diazepam, barbiturates, or phenothiazines such as acepromazine or chlorpromazine. Provide thermoregulation with a cool water bath and fans, administer fluid therapy, and consider a serotonin antagonist such as cyproheptadine (1.1 mg/kg, PO or rectally). Note that injectable estrogens to prevent pregnancy carry a significant risk of serious adverse effects, including pyometra and potentially fatal bone marrow suppression, and are generally not advised. Oral estrogens given during diestrus greatly increase the risk of pyometra, are unreliable in terminating pregnancy, and are not advised.
Chapter: Toxicology, Emergency
Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th Edition (Page 3032)