TL;DR: Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) are not a life-threatening emergency but require a scheduled veterinary appointment to prevent future risks like testicular cancer. If your dog's testicles have not descended by six months of age, the condition is permanent and typically requires surgical intervention.
What are undescended testicles in dogs and when should they normally descend?
Known medically as cryptorchidism, this condition occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during a puppy's development. Normally, the testicles should be in the scrotum by two months of age. If they have not descended by six months, the condition is considered permanent.
Is an undescended testicle a medical emergency for my pet?
- The urgency level for an undescended testicle is Low; while not an immediate emergency, it requires a scheduled appointment with your veterinarian.
- Retained testicles stay at a higher body temperature than intended, which significantly increases the risk of testicular cancer.
- Leaving the condition untreated can lead to other complications later in life, such as spermatic cord torsion.
How does taking a photo of my dog's groin help with veterinary triage?
- A clear photo of your dog's groin while they are standing or lying on their back allows the veterinary team to see if there is a visible bulge in the inguinal canal.
- Visuals help the professional determine if the area appears completely flat, indicating the testicle may be deeper in the abdomen.
- Providing a photo helps the clinic prepare for the specific type of physical examination or surgery your dog may require.
Clinical Context (Merck Veterinary Manual)
Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum, is a common condition in dogs, typically diagnosed if the testicles are not present in the scrotum by puberty, although descent can occur as late as 10 months of age. This condition is considered hereditary, and affected animals should not be bred, implicating both parents as carriers. Unilateral cryptorchidism, while more common, does not necessarily result in infertility, while bilateral cryptorchidism results in sterility. The undescended testicle can be located anywhere from caudal to the kidney to within the inguinal canal and can be identified via palpation or ultrasonography. Due to the increased risk of neoplasia and torsion in retained testicles, bilateral orchiectomy is recommended, as medical or surgical attempts to induce descent are considered unethical.
Chapter: Reproduction, Surgery, Congenital
Source: The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th Edition (Page 2220)